When Should You Get a Colonoscopy? A Clear Guide by Age and Risk Factors

Taking Control of Your Colon Health Starts with the Right Timing

If you’ve ever wondered when to schedule your first colonoscopy—or whether it’s time for your next—you’re not alone. Colon cancer is one of the most preventable cancers when caught early. That’s why timing matters.

At the Colorectal Clinic of Tampa Bay, we believe that knowing your risk factors and screening schedule could save your life. This blog breaks down when and why you should get a colonoscopy based on your age, family history, symptoms, and lifestyle.

The New Normal: Start Colonoscopy at Age 45

For years, the standard age was 50—but no more. The American Cancer Society and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force now recommend that all adults at average risk start screening at age 45 (ACS, 2024).

Why earlier? Colon cancer rates are rising in adults under 50. Starting at 45 improves the chances of catching polyps before they turn cancerous.

If your results are normal, you’ll only need a colonoscopy every 10 years.

Start Earlier If You're High-Risk

Not everyone can wait until 45. You may need your first colonoscopy as early as age 40—or even sooner—if you have:

  • A first-degree relative (parent or sibling) with colon cancer

  • A personal history of polyps or colorectal cancer

  • Inflammatory bowel disease, like Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis

  • A hereditary condition like Lynch syndrome or FAP (MD Anderson, 2023)

Talk to your GI specialist about your family and medical history to determine your personal screening plan.

Warning Signs That Mean You Shouldn’t Wait

Even if you’re younger than 45, you may need a colonoscopy immediately if you experience:

  • Blood in your stool or rectal bleeding

  • Unexplained weight loss

  • Persistent abdominal pain or cramping

  • Long-term constipation or diarrhea

  • Iron-deficiency anemia or fatigue

  • Narrow or pencil-thin stools

  • A sudden change in your bowel habits (Nuvance Health, 2024)

If any of these apply to you, don’t delay. These symptoms may point to something serious—and early detection is critical.

How Often Do You Need a Colonoscopy?

Your doctor will recommend the right interval based on your results:

  • Every 10 years if your first colonoscopy is normal

  • Every 5 years if low-risk polyps are found

  • Every 3 years or sooner if high-risk polyps or signs of cancer are present (Mayo Clinic, 2024)

Colonoscopy is still the gold standard for colon cancer screening—more accurate than at-home tests and able to remove polyps on the spot.

Why Choose Colorectal Clinic of Tampa Bay?

At the Colorectal Clinic of Tampa Bay, we’re more than a clinic—we’re your partners in prevention. Our board-certified specialists offer:

  • Personalized screening plans based on your age, risk, and lifestyle

  • Advanced diagnostic tools to ensure accurate, comfortable procedures

  • A team committed to early detection, prevention, and education

Whether you’re due for your first colonoscopy or navigating a complex family history, we’re here to guide you every step of the way.

Schedule your screening today!

What If You Can’t Get a Colonoscopy?

For those unable to get a colonoscopy due to health or access reasons, alternatives include:

  • Stool DNA tests (like Cologuard) – every 3 years

  • FIT tests (Fecal Immunochemical Test) – annually

  • CT colonography – every 5 years

  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy – every 5–10 years (USPSTF, 2024)

Positive results on any of these must be followed by a colonoscopy.

Key Takeaways

Scenario

When to Get a Colonoscopy

No symptoms, average risk

Age 45, then every 10 years

First-degree relative with cancer

Age 40 or younger

High-risk conditions (IBD, Lynch)

Earlier than 45, every 1–5 years

Symptoms at any age

Get checked ASAP

Works Cited

  • American Cancer Society. (2024). Colorectal Cancer Screening Guidelines. Link

  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2024). Colorectal Cancer: Screening. Link

  • MD Anderson Cancer Center. (2023). When Should You Get a Colonoscopy? Link

  • Mayo Clinic. (2024). Colon Cancer Screening. Link

  • Nuvance Health. (2024). Signs You Might Need a Colonoscopy. Link